Index

ch-1 Introduction

ch - command line argument

What is command line argument ? Also explain how to pass command line arguments to „C‟ program


Arguments that take input by user before running a program are called A) Main function arguments B) Main arguments C) Command-line arguments D) Parameterized arguments

Arguments that take input by user before running a program are called 
A) Main function arguments 
B) Main arguments 
C) Command-line arguments 
D) Parameterized arguments

ch- file

file

End of file is detected by
A) fend()
B) endf()
C) EOF
D) FEND

b) What is a file in C? Discuss various modes in which a file can be opened. Also discuss types of files.

true/false

While calling the fprintf() function in the format string conversion specifier %s can be used to write a character string in capital letters. FALSE

If the file to be included doesn‟t exist, the preprocessor flashes an error message. TRUE

Using fprintf function, we can print on the standard output device.

fill in the blank:
Function ___(E) fputs________ writes a line to a specified file

Write a „C Program to copy test of one file to another file.

Explain the difference between Text Mode and Binary Mode files



 Explain the difference between Test mode and Binary mode files.

ch- Link List

link list
Write a program to add a new node to the beginning of a linked list and to the end of inked list.

Which are the demerits of linked list data structure?

true/false

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object. TRUE

 It is better to use array than a linked list, when there is a fixed size list in a program.

Define array and link list. Give one example for each showing its usage.

fill in the blank
___link list_____ data structure facilitates to insert and delete data during the program execution.

ch- structure

structure
In ____union_____ all elements are stored in the same memory location.
We must use __dot______ symbol to access structure members.

true/false
A union cannot be nested in a structure FALSE

size of a pointer, which points to a structure, depends on size of a structure.
 2.7 All the members of a union share the same memory location.

question

Write a „C‟ program to store information (title, author, subject and book_id) of a Book using structure and display it in appropriate format

Write a C program to read following details of 50 students. Student Name,, Student Roll No, Class Display total number of students studying in Class “BCA”

b) Write two main differences between structure and union.

 Define a structure Distance having two data members: cm and mm in integer. The program enters three variables and find which distance is the largest among them. 

ch- Storage Class

storage classes

Register variable are active 
A) Outside the function 
B) Throughout the program 
C) Only in the function where it is defined
 D) Surrounding of that function


What is the output of this code
 #include 
void main() 
{ 
static int x; if(x++<2)
 main();
 } 
A) Infinite calls to main
 B) Run time error 
C) Varies 
D) Main is called twice

Which of the following is not a proper storage class in ‘C’?
A) auto 
B) dcc 
C) static 
D) extern 

1.10 Is the following statement declaration or definition: extern int i; 
a) Declaration 
b) Definition
c) Function 
d) Error


ans a) Declaration 

3 By default, storage class of local variable is ___auto_____
 Variables that are alive and active throughout the program are called _____global____ variables.

___extern_____ int fun(); - the declaration indicates the presence of a global function defined outside the current module or in another file. 

Global variable is initialized to __zero______ by default

What do you understand by local, global and static variables ? Explain
(c) Compare the lifetime, Scope, Initial value and storage place of all storage classes.

Explain different storage classes available in „C‟

ch- Memory Allocation

memory allocation
Memory allocation can be done by using keyword „create‟. FALSE
malloc() allocates memory from the heap and not from the stack. TRUE

Automatic variables are allocated memory in:
A) Heap 
B) Data Segment 
C) Code Segment 
D) Stack


. __realloc______ is a inbuilt library function to adjust the allocated dynamic memory size 

ch- function

function

Identify the invalid declaration: 
A) int &p; 
B) int *p[10]; 
C) int **p; 
D) int *p[ ];

A function cannot be defined inside another function. FALSE
Goto can be used to jump from main function to other function. FALSE
The default parameter passing mechanism is call by value. TRUE
The expressions int fun(int arr[]); and int fun(int arr[2]); are same. TRUE
There can be two return statements inside a function. FALSE
Function can be called either by value or reference TRUE 
2.2 A function cannot be defined inside another function. TRUE

void (*ptr)(int); ptr is pointer to int that converts its type to void



The value obtained in the function is given back to main by using __return_____ keyword.



4.4 ___gets_____ function that is most appropriate for reading in a multi-word string.

Default return type of any user-defined function is __integer______. 

What is call by value and call by reference ? Write a program to swap two numbers using call by value

What is function? Explain uses of function.Also explain decalarion function call and function definition with example. 

What is a difference between pass by value and pass by reference? 

b) Write a funtion in C to print event numbers from 1 to 100

Write down three different methods used for referencing multiple values from a function. 

Write a function to display the multiplication table of the number.

 c) Write a function which accepts an array of size n containing integer values and returns average of all values. Call the function from main program. 

Using a switch statement, write a function to count the number of vowels and number of blanks in a character array passed to it as an argument.  

Explain the concept of recursion with example. 

ch- String

string
.8 If the two strings are identical, then strcmp() function returns 
a) -1 
b) 1 
c) 0
d) infinity 

ans c) 0

If the first string and the second string both are identical, then strcmp function returns:
A) A value of 0 
B) Either 1 or 0 
C) A value of 1 
D) Any positive integer

C provides the strcmp() function to compare strings TRUE

Explain any five string handling functions in detail with example.

Write a „C‟program to find the frequency of characters in string.

The library function __strchr______ find the first occurrence of a substring in the string 

Write a C program to find substring of string without using library functions

ch- POinter

pointer
1.7 #include void fun(int *ptr) 
{ 
*ptr=30;
 } 
int main()
 { 
int y=20; fun(&y);
 printf(“%d”,y);
 return 0; 
 } 
The output of above program is 
A. 20 
B. 30 
C. Compiler error
D. Runtime error 

ans B. 30 

*ptr++ is equivalent to
A) ptr++
B) *ptr 
C) ++ptr 
D) ++*ptr 


What will be the output of the following code? 
main() 
 { 
 int i=2,*j; j=&i;
 printf("%d",i**j*i+*j);
 } 
A) Syntax error due to Invalid expression in printf
B) Print junk value 
C) 16
D) 10 


true /false

 Two pointer variables cannot be subtracted. 

Are the three declarations char **apple, char *apple[], and char apple[][] same? FALSE 

The expressions *ptr++ and ++*ptr are same FALSE

Are the expression *ptr++ and ++*ptr are same? true 

___pointer_______ is a variable which holds the address of another variable

A pointer that does not point to any data object is ___null_____ 

Write a note on pointers and its uses. What do you mean by refreshing and de-refreshing of a pointer variable.?

After incrementing a float pointer ptr by 1 it would be incremented by _(I) 4 Bytes_______________

The ______(L) *___________ operator returns the value of the variable to which its operand points.

A pointer in C which has not been initialized is known as ___wild______ pointer.

__astreek______ symbol is used access the value pointed by a pointer. 

Explain about „Pointer to function „ with suitable example

Explain the relation of array and pointer with example. 

ch-4 Array

1.5 What is right way to initialize arrays ? 
a) int num[6]={2,4,12,5,45,5};
 b) int n[]={2,4,12,5,45,5};
 c) int n[6]={2,4,12}; 
d) int n[6]={2,4,12,5,45,5};

ans  b) int n[]={2,4,12,5,45,5};

 1.6 What will be the output of the following program? In C, if you pass an array as an argument to a function, what actually gets passed ?
 a) Value of elements in array 
b) First element of array 
e) Base address of array
 f) Address of the last element of array

ans e) Base address of array

.9 What is the maximum number of dimensions an array in C may have ? 
a) 2 
b) 8 
c) 20 
d) Theoretically no limits. the only practical limits are memory and compilers 

ans d) Theoretically no limits. the only practical limits are memory and compilers 

In C, if you pass an array as an argument to a function, what actually gets passed? 
a) Value of elements in array
b) First element of the array
c) Base address of the array
d) Address of the last element of array

c) Base address of the array

The expressions arr and &arr same for an array of 10 integers FALSE

5 Two dimensional array is stored in memory physically as one-dimensional array. 

An array elements are always stored in ___sequential____________ order.


An array that used more than two subscript is referred to as___(K) Multi-dimensional___ array.

When an array is declared, array name is defined as ________ to first element. 

Write a C program tio find largest element of any Array? 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an Array ?

What are Merits and Demerits of Array in C

Write a program to reverse an array of numbers

Write a program to delete an element from a given location of an array of integers 

Write a C program to find sum of lower triangular elements on matrix

Write a program that accept an array of 10 integers and a number to be deleted from the array if found. Represent deleted element with -1 and display final array. If not found print appropriate message.  

Write a program to find greatest number in an array? 

ch-3 Loop

loop

#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
int a,fact=1;;
printf("enter any number");
scanf("%d",&a);
for(int i=1;i<=a;i++)
fact=fact*i;
printf("%d",fact);

}

#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
 int a=0,b=1,c,i;
 for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
 {
 c=a+b;
 a=b;
 b=c;
 printf("%d\n",c);
 }


}

#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
 int a=0,b=1,c,i;
 printf("%d\n%d\n",a,b);
 for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
 {
 c=a+b;
 a=b;
 b=c;
 printf("%d\n",c);
 }
}

#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
 int  sum=0;
 for(int i=0;i<=5;i++)
 sum=sum+i;
 printf("%d",sum);


}

 #include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
 int a,d=12345,m;
 m=d%10;
d=d/10;

printf("m=%d\nd=%d\n",m,d);
}

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

 int d=5476,r,di,s=0;
  while(d!=0)
  {
  r=d%10 ;
  d=d/10;
  s=s+r ;

  }

printf("%d",s);
}

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{

char c='a';

for(int i=0;i<=4;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<=i;j++)
{
 printf("%c\t",c);

 }
 printf("\n");

++c ;
}
}

pyramid
1.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, rows, k=0;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=1; i<=rows; i++, k=0)
{
  for(j=1; j<=rows-i; j++)
  {
printf("  ");
  }
  while(k != 2*i-1)
  {
printf("* ");
k++;
  }
  printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

2.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, rows, k=0;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=5; i>=1; i--, k=0)
{
  for(j=1; j<=rows-i; j++)
  {
printf("  ");
  }
  while(k != 2*i-1)
  {
printf("* ");
k++;
  }
  printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

3.  #include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, rows, k=0;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
  for(i=1; i<=rows; i++, k=0)
{
  for(j=1; j<=rows-i; j++)
  {
printf("  ");
  }
  while(k != 2*i-1)
  {
printf("* ");
k++;
  }
  printf("\n");
}


 for(i=rows; i>=1; i--, k=0)
{
  for(j=1; j<=rows-i; j++)
  {
printf("  ");
  }
  while(k != 2*i-1)
  {
printf("* ");
k++;
  }
  printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

1. 
   

MCQ:
1. main()
 { 
int i=1; 
while() 
{ 
printf(“%d”,i++); 
if(i>10)
 break; 
} 
}
a) The condition in while loop is must
b) There should be a semicolon in the while loop 
c) The while loop should be replaced by for loop 
d) No error

ans a) The condition in while loop is must Break statement can be used to exit a loop. TRUE 

main()
 {
 int i=1; 
while() 
{ 
printf(“%d”,i++);
 if(i>10)
 break;
 }
 }

a) The condition in while loop is must 
b) There should be a semicolon in the while loop
c) The while loop should be replaced by for loop
d) No error

A programming construct in which a set of statement in a computer program can be executed repeatedly.
 i. Loop statement
 ii. Conditional Statement
 iii. Block Statement
 iv. All of the above 

 i. Loop statement

1.8 What will be the output of following program? 
int main()
 { 
for(int c=1;c<5;++c); 
printf(“%d”,c); 
} 
a) 1 
b) 5 
c) 6 
d) 12345

b) 5

How many times is a do while loop guaranteed to loop? 
a) 0
 b) Infinitely 
c) 1 
d) Variable

c) 1

The following code for(;;) represents as infinite loop. It can be terminated by
 A) Break 
B) Exit(0); 
C) Abort(); 
D) All of the mentioned. 

Which of the following is not an iterative statement? 
A) switch 
B) while 
C) do while 
D) for  

How many times is a do while loop guaranteed to loop? 
A) 0 
B) Infinitely 
C) 1 
D) Variable  

How many times the printf statement within the while loop will be executed?
 x=1; 
while(x=0) 
 printf("hello");
 A) 1 
B) 0 
C) infinite 
D) 2 

true/false

1. The following block of code sums up an input series of grades (terminated by -1) 
while (grade !=-1); 
total=total+grade; 
counter=counter+1; 
printf ”enter grade, -1 to end:”); 
scanf(“%d”,&grade);

Fill in the blanks:
1. ____infinite_____ loop can be terminated using break statement.

2. ____dowhile_____ is an exit control loop

3. In do…while loop, _semicolon_______ symbol is required after condition.
4. The _____(B) continue_________ statement is used to skip a part of the statement in a loop.



Question:

Draw a flow chart to print the factorials of numbers from 1 to n where n is entered by user.

Draw a flowchart to find the fibionacci series till term <=10000

Write a program to find the sum of the digits of a number

Write a C Program to display following pattern: 
 A 
 BB
 CCC 
 DDDD 
 EEEEE

Write a C program to find whether a number is palindrome or not?

 Write a program to print all the Krishnamurti number from 1 to n. Here, n is user dependent. A Krishnamurti number is a number whose sum of factorial of individual digits equals the number. For example, 145 = 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24+ 120 = 145.

true/false


1.0 is an example of double constant and float constant. 

ch-2 if statement

If Statement

#include<stdio.h>

 main()

 {
  int a=0;
  if(a=0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero");

}

 main()

 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(a=0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");
  printf("are you ok");

}

#include<stdio.h>

 main()
 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(a==0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");
  printf("are you ok");
}


#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
  float a=1.2;
  if (a==1.2)
  printf("yes");
  else
  printf("no");

}

ans No

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
  float a=1.0;
  if (a==1.0)
  printf("yes");
  else
  printf("no");

}
ans yes


#include<stdio.h>

 main()

 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(b>1)
  if(a==0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");
  printf("are you ok");

}

#include<stdio.h>

 main()

 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(b>1 || b==1)
  if(a==0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");
  printf("are you ok");
}

#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(b>1 && b==1)
  if(a==0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");
  printf("are you ok");
}

#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(1)
  if(a==0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");
  printf("are you ok");
}
#include<stdio.h>
 main()
 {
  int a=0,b=1;
  if(0)
  if(a==0)
  printf("a is zero");
  else
  printf("not zero\n");

  printf("are you ok");
}

#include<stdio.h>

 main()

 {

  int a=0,b=1;

  if(a||0)

  if(a==0)

  printf("a is zero");

  else

  printf("not zero\n");

  printf("are you ok");

}

#include<stdio.h>

  main()

  {

  int a=0,b=1;

  if(a||1)

  if(a==0)

  printf("a is zero");

  else

  printf("not zero\n");

  printf("are you ok");

}

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char a;
 printf("enter r,g,y");
 scanf("%c",&a);
 switch(a)
 {
 case 'r':
printf("stop");
break;
case 'g':
printf("go");
break;
case 'y':
printf("clear");
default:
printf("you enter wrong");
 }
}

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char a;
 printf("enter r,g,y");
 scanf("%c",&a);
 switch(a)
 {
 case 'r':
printf("stop");
break;
case 'g':
printf("go");
break;
case 'y':
printf("clear");
default:
printf("you enter wrong");

 }
}

#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

 int a=10;

 (a==10?printf("yes"):printf("no"));

}

Fill in the blank:

A. Ternary operator  B. Conditional Operator   C. || D. break

1. The conditional operator (?:) is a ____Ternary operator _______ 

2 ___|| ______ is a logical OR operator

3. The ___break_____ statement when executed in a switch statement causes immediate exit from the structure 



4. A pair of question mark and colon is known as _conditional operator_______



Question:

Compare the use of switch statements with the use of nested if statements. Which is more convenient?

What will be the output of the following program segment?

 main() { int x=3,
y=5; 
if(x==3)
 printf(“\n%d”,x); 
else 
printf(“\n%d”,y); } 
. 



MCQ:
What will be output if you compile and execute the following „C‟ code 
void main() 
{
 float a=5.2;
 if(a==5.2) 
printf(“equal”); 
else
 if(a<5.2) 
printf(“less than”); 
else printf(“greater than”); 

} A) Equal 
B) Less than 
C) Greater than 
D) Compilation Error

Determine the order of evaluation of operations within the expression   A<B&&C||D>A  
A) &&, ||, <, >
 B) <, >, &&, || 
C) >, <, &&, || 
D) &&,<, >, ||  

1.3 What is the output of this C code ? 
#include 
int main()
 { 
int x=2,y=0; 
int z=y&&(y/=10); 
printf(“%d\n”,z); 
return 0;
 }
a) 1
b) 0
c) undefined behavior due to order of evaluation 
d) 2

ans b) 0

What will be the output of the following code?
 main()
 {
 int x = 0, y = 0; 
 if(x > 0) if(y > 0) 
 printf("True"); 
 else 
 printf("False");
 } 
A) Blank screen
B) True 
C) False 
D) Error because of dangling else problem 

true/false
1. break keyword is mandatory in switch case structure. 

Question/Answer
Write a „C‟program that displays the recommended actions depending on the color of a traffic light using the switch statement.


Explain the difference between = and == operator with example.